Full Form of Banking Terms

 1.Full form of NEFT 

National Electronic Fund Transfer

2. Full form of RTGS

Real Time Gross Settlement

3.Full form of CIBIL

Credit Information Bureau (India ) Limited

4. Full form of IFSC

Indian Financial System Code

5. Full Form of EMI

Equated Monthly Statement

6.Full form of MICR

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

7.Full form of CASA

Current Account and Saving Account

8.Full form of NACH

National Automated Clearing House

9.Full form of MMID

Mobile Money Identifier

10.Full form of KYC

Know Your Customer

11.Full Form of KCC

Kissan Credit Card

12.Full form of OTP

One Time Password

13. Full form of NPCI

National Payments Corporation Of India

14. Full form of NBFC

Non Banking Financial Institution 

15. Full form of UPI

Unified Paymets Interface

16. Full Form of SWIFT

Society for World Wide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

17. Full form form GST 

Goods and Services Tax

18. Full form of NPA

Non Performing Asset

19. Full form of  TIN

Tax Information Network

20. Full form of   CVV

Card verification value

21. Full form of   SDR

Special Drawing Right

22. Full form of   IRDAI  

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India

Cash Book

• Cash book is a book of original entry 

• Cash book is a ledger and journal 

• Cash book is a Real Account

• Cash book records Cash receipts on the debit side and payment on the Credit side 

• The opening entry in the cash book appear in the debit side 

• Credit balance in cash Book means overdraft 

• A transaction recorded in the both sides of the cash book is a contra entry

• A cash book both a journal and ledger

• Credit transactions are not recorded in the cash book 

• Cash book in a non trading concern is receipt and payment account

    Types of Cash book

       1. Single column cash book

       2. Double column cash book

       3. Three column cash book

       4. Petty cash book 

1. Single column cash book 

          

Single column cash book record all                  cash transactions 

It records all cash receipts and cash payments 

Single column cash book contains only one amount column in the debit and credit side of the cash book 

Left hand side of the cash book is receipt and right side of the cash book is payment 

2 . Double column cash book 

In double column cash book there are two column on debit and credit side , one is used to record cash transactions and second is used to record bank transactions

Double column cash book known as Two column cash book

Double column cash book records cash and bank transactions

When a cheque received and not deposited in the same day the amount of the cheque is entered in the cash column

When a cheque is received and deposited to the bank on the same day the amount of the cheque is entered in the bank column on the debit side 

3. Three column cash book 

In three column cash book there are three column in debit and credit side one is used to record cash transactions and second is used to record bank transactions and three is used to record discount 

4. Petty cash book

Petty cash book is a journal

The first column in the petty cash book is receipt column 

Petty cash book records all petty expenses

The balance of petty cash book is a asset

The amount given to the petty cashier in advance means Imprest Money 

Petty cash book is usually kept under imprest system 

SARFAESI ACT

 SARFAESI ACT 2002

• Full form of SARFAESI is  Securitization And Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act 

• SARFAESI ACT came into force on 21 June 2002 

• SARFAESI ACT related to loan recovery 

• SARFAESI ACT not applicable to loan  below rupees one lakh 

• SARFAESI Act does not apply to loan debt below 20% of the loan given

Single Entry System

• Under single entry system of Accounting only one aspect of transaction is recorded 

• Single Entry System of Accounting is also known as Incomplete system of Accounting 

• Only cash book and personal accounts are maintained in single Entry System 

• Single Entry System of Accounting followed by Sole traders , Partnership firms , Hindu Undivided Family ( HUF ) 

• Under Single Entry System of Accounting profit and loss account can be ascertained using statement of affairs method 

• Statement of affairs method also known as Conversion method and Capital comparison method 

• The Statement of affairs method is prepared to find out the capital 

• The Total Debtors Account is prepared to ascertain the credit sales and Credit Purchases are ascertain by preparing Credit Account 

• Trail Balance is not prepared under Single Entry System of Accounting

Accounting Standards in India

Accounting Standards in India

AS 1  Disclosure of Accounting policies

AS 2  Valuation of Inventories

AS 3  Cash flow statement

AS 4  Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance sheet

AS 5  Net profit or loss for the period, prior period item and changes in Accounting Policies

AS 6  Depreciation of Accounting

AS 7  Accounting for construction contracts

AS 8  Accounting for research and Development

AS 9  Revenue Recognition

AS 10 Accounting for Fixed Assets

AS 11 Accounting for the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates

AS 12 Accounting for Government grants

AS 13 Accounting for investment

AS 14 Accounting for Amalgamations

AS 15 Accounting for retirement benefits in the financial statement of employers

AS 16 Borrowing costs

AS 17 Segment Reporting

AS 18 Related party Disclosures

AS 19 Leases

AS 20 Earning per share

AS 21 Consolidated Financial statements

AS 22 Accounting for taxes on Income

AS 23 Accounting for Investments in associated in consolidated financial statements

AS 24 Accounting for discontinued operations

AS 25 Interim Financial Reporting

AS 26 Intangible assets

AS 27 Financial Reporting of interests in joint ventures

AS 28 Impairment of assets

Accounting Principles

 1. Dual Aspect                                                                     According to this concept each and every business transactions has two aspects. This is also known as Accounting Equivalence concept.

2. Varifiability and Objectivity Principle                       This Principles says that the accounting data provided in the books of accounts should be verifiable and dependable. The figures exhibited in the financial statements should have supportive evidences such as bills and vouchers.

3. Historical Cost                                                                 Historical Cost Principles requires that all transactions should be recorded at their acquisition of cost . The acquisition of cost refers to the cost of purchasing the assets and expenses incurred in bringing the assets to the intended condition and location of use.

4. Revenue Recognition Principle                                      Revenue is the amount that a business earns through sale of goods or services. Revenue is recorded at the time when the title of goods passes from the seller to the buyer.

5. Matching Principle                                                             As per the Matching Principle only those expenses pertaining to the current accounting period must be matched against the revenue relating to the same period

6. Disclosure Principles                                                          This Principle States that the published financial statements must fully disclose the true and fair view of the state of affairs of the concern for a particular period or on a particular date.

Accounting Assumptions or concepts

Accounting assumption or concept refer to necessary assumptions or conditions on which the accounting system is based. Assumptions provide a foundation for the accounting process.

1.Accounting entity concept                                                        Accounting entity concept assumed that business unit is business unit is distinct and completely separate from the owners.

2.Money measurement concept                                                  In this concept, transactions that can be measured in terms of money only are recorded in the books of accounts

3.Going concern concept                                                              Under this concept the business unit is assumed to have an indefinite life. It is States that the business organisation is treated as a continuing one for long time.

4.Accounting period concept                                                          The period of interval for which Account is kept for ascertaining the result of business during the period is called Accounting period                                                  

              

Basic Terms in Accounting Part 2

 Income                                                                                Income is the increase in the networth of the organisation either from business activity or other activities

Expenses                                                                                The amount spent in the process of earning revenue is called as expense. Rent, wages, salaries,water charges, electricity charges are the examples of expenses.

Loss                                                                               Loss is the gross decrease in the assets or gross increase in liabilities.

Profit                                                                               Profit is the excess of revenue over expenditure in an accounting year.

Purchase                                                                               The total amount of goods procured by a business concer for cash or on credit for the purpose of sale or use is known as purchases

Sale                                                                               The income earned from the sale of goods or services rendered. The amount received from the sale of fixed assets is not treated as sales

Debtors                                                                              Debtor is a person who owe money to the business

Creditor                                                                               Creditor are person who claim for money against the business for any goods supplied or services rendered by them on credit

Basic Terms in Accounting Part 1

Assets : Assets are things of value owned by                the business

1. Fixed assets : The assets which is intended to be used for long period or above one year

• Tangible assets: These are assets having         definite shape and physical existence      

• Intangible assets: Assets having no physical existence but are represented by rights in certain things

• Wasting assets: Assets which get exhausted to the extent of extraction

• Fictitious assets: These have no real value but are shown in the books of accounts only for technical reason

 2. Current Assets : Current Assets are those       assets which can be converted into cash       within a short period of time

 3. Capital : Money or money's worth                   invested by the owner into the business

 4. Drawings : The amount of cash or other         assets withdrawn by the owner of the           business

 5. Revenue : The amount earned by selling       its products or services

 6. Voucher : It is the documentary evidence
     of transaction

 7. Liabilities : Liabilities are the obligations

     or debt payable the company in future in       the form of money or goods

• Fixed Liabilities :  Liabilities which are payable after a long period or above one year.                     

• Current Liabilities :   Liabilities which are payable within a short period or less than one year

Basics in Accounting

Definition

            Accounting is " recording classifying and summarising in a significant manner in terms of money transaction and event which are in part atleast of financial character and interpreting the results thereof"

          

 Branches of Accounting

1. Financial Accounting
2. Cost Accounting
3. Management Accounting

1. Financial Accounting.                                                     Financial Accounting is the original form of accounting. The purpose of financial accounting is to record transactions in the books of accounts and to prepare the financial statements and interpreting the results
2. Cost Accounting.                                                        Cost Accounting as classifying recording and appropriate allocation of expenditure for determination of costs of products or services and for the presentation of suitably arranged data purposes of control and guidance of management
3. Management Accounting.                                      Management Accounting is the adaption and analysis of Accounting information and it's diagnosis and explanation in such a way as to assist management